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Feathers of ostrich, feathers of pheasant feathers for decoration or
hats.
A feather is, among the birds, an appendix complex tégumentaire
constituted of keratin that covers the almost-totality with the body.
The feather is a characteristic element of the class of the birds. As
hairs, the scales, the nails, the claws, the hooves, the teeth, the
feathers are phanères.
The set of the feathers, generally several thousand, form the feather,
whose function is to protect the body of the bird of the ambient environment,
notably against water and the cold weather, and to permit the flight
(to see the section Function).
Summary [to conceal]
1 structure
2 function
3 use
4 to see also
4.1 internal tie
4.2 external tie
Structure [to modify]
The structure of a detailed feather.A feather is composed of a central
axis, hollow to his/her/its basis (the calamus that is born in a follicle
of the epidermis) and full in his/her/its main part (the rachis). The
rachis carries the beards, inserted in two sets on both sides of the
axis in only one plan, and intricate by perpendicular barbules provided
with innumerable minuscule hooks.
One distinguishes several types of feathers :
the feathers used for the flight: rémiges (feathers of the wings)
and rectors (named caudal feathers as quills),
the feathers tectrices or feathers of cover,
down, formed of light feathers whose beards are not tangled.
Function [to modify]
Of the flight of the birds has been consisted paradoxically better as
the man tried to imitate them while constructing some planes. According
to the type of specific flight to every category of bird the feathers
of the wings and the tail will have a shape and a different working.
The birds to the very fast flight (by ex. the swallow) have short wings
to the very fine extremities and pointed toward the rear in the shape
of billbook (arrow important of the hunters).
The wings of the birds doing of flights hovered to big speed (albatross)
have an important elongation (gliders).
Some birds conjugate the flight hovered and the flight in nosedive when
they first observe in search of then the landscape a prey found on her.
Their wing is first then entirely expanded folds back then to offer
a least resistance. The mad of Bassan that dive to several meters of
depth in water to fish even lengthen their wings along the body.
The eagles and the condors to the flight hovered slow have in extremity
of their wings separated some feathers as the fingers of the hand that
permit to take advantage of the lift created by the whirlwind (ailerette
or winglet). Besides, they have on the side of attack of their wings,
some feathers that fold back on the extrados the out-flow of air that
has the tendency to come unstuck in flight very slow to big impact (beak
against the unhooking, slat in English).
Some migratory birds fly in triangle, each taking advantage of the whirlwind
created by the animal who precedes it, the animal placed in head coming
to take a rest regularly in tail (as to volleyball).
Some birds head with the help of their flat beak situated far forward
of the body (plan duck) and have feathers rectors of very weak measurements
therefore.
The discovery of dinosaurs to feathers incapable to fly has succité
of the numerous hypotheses on the function primitive of the feathers,
the more vraissemblable is the one of thermal insulator.
Use [to modify]
The main use of the feathers is the one of down to manufacture insulating
clothes (anorak, doudoune...) as well as of the sleeping bags, quilts,
pillows, pigtail... The most well-known is the down of the eider (who
is at the origin of the word quilt). Down is competed strongly by the
synthetic fibers.
The big feathers colored of some birds (ostrich, casoar...) serve elements
of decoration in the garment and the costume of stage as well as for
the hats and the hairdressing.
Also signal the old use of the feathers of geese as instrument of writing.
And finally, feathers and downs constitute one of the materials of basis
of the manufacture of the flies used by the fishers to the fly. The
first written trace that one has this use is in a description of Claudius
Aelianus in the IIe century.
THE FEATHERS
according to "THE FEATHER TO to FORGIVE" Stéphane Méli@de!
The history of the tree to Feathers
One day while had fun Max-max and the whole company, the tree-to-feathers
met a man who was called Terror of terrors. Terror of terrors tells
the tree": You gave to max-max plucks it to forgive, I wanted it.
You are going to pay it to me." Terror of terrors pronounced a
magic formula, then the tree met on the quite plucked earth!... He/it
was so sad that him himself lay
[Attention ! Le texte à traduire est trop long. La traduction
a été tronquée.]